نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

کارشناسی ارشد روان‌شناسی بالینی، گروه روانشناسی، دانشکده علوم روان‌شناسی و علوم تربیتی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، اهواز

چکیده

هدف پژوهش حاضر، مطالعه عوامل درون‌فردی بین‌فردی موثر بر عاطفه منفی با توجه به سازه‌های دل‌بستگی محور بود. به همین منظور پاسخگویی همسران و ترس از شفقت وارد این مطالعه شدند. نمونه این پژوهش 21 زن با نشانه‌های افسردگی بودند که از طریق نمونه‌گیری هدفمند انتخاب شدند. داده‌های این پژوهش در 24 نوبت از طریق پرس‌لاین به دست آمدند و در نرم افزار spss-26 تحلیل آماری شدند. تحلیل همبستگی نشان داد که دل‌بستگی اضطرابی با حالت ترس از شفقت به دیگران رابطه معنادار و معکوس دارد. همچنین نتایج نشان داد که حالت پاسخگویی ادراک‌شده از همسر با تغییرات معکوس عاطفه منفی همراه است و تغییر در حالات ترس از شفقت با تغییرات مستقیم عاطفه منفی همراه است. با توجه به نتایج، توجه ویژه به سازه‌های دلبستگی محور در تبیین عواطف منفی و اختلالات خلقی مفید به نظر می‌رسد. همچنین در طراحی مداخلات بالینی در افسردگی زنان، می‌توان از عوامل فردی و بین‌فردی یادشده بهره جست.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Interpersonal and Intrapersonal Factors Affecting Daily Affect; A Study of Depressed Women

نویسنده [English]

  • zahra seyfikar

MA in Clinical Psychology, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran

چکیده [English]

The aim of the current research was to study the intrapersonal and interpersonal factors affecting negative effects with regard to attachment-oriented structures. For this purpose, spouses’ responsiveness and fear of compassion were included in this study. The sample of this research was 21 women with depression symptoms who were selected through purposive sampling. The data of this research were obtained in 24 times through Porsline and statistically analyzed in SPSS-26 software. Correlation analysis showed that anxious attachment has a significant and inverse relationship with fear of compassion for others. Also, the results showed that the state of perceived responsiveness from the spouse is associated with the inverse changes of negative affect and the change in the states of fear of compassion is associated with the direct changes of negative affect. it seems useful to pay special attention, paying special attention to attachment-oriented structures in explaining negative emotions and mood disorders. Also, in the design of clinical interventions in women's depression, it is possible to use the mentioned individual and interpersonal factors.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • attachment
  • depression
  • negative affect
Almasi, L., Derakhshani, M., Soltanabadi, S., Meghrazi, A., & Shahrokhi P. (2022). Fear of compassion for others in the coronavirus epidemic Based on mindfulness and psychological pathology. Rooyes, 10(11), 131-140. (Persian).
Altın, M., & Terzi, Ş. (2010). How does attachment styles relate to ıntimate relationship to aggravate the depressive symptoms?. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 2(2), 1008-1015.
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.).
Bakhshipour, A,. & Dejkam, M. (2005). Confirmatory factor analysis of positive and negative affect scale. Journal of Psychology, 9(36), 351-365. (Persian)
Bartholomew, K., & Horowitz, L. M. (1991). Attachment styles among young adults: a test of a four-category model. Journal of personality and Social Psychology, 61(2), 226.
Blatt, S. J. (2008). Polarities of experience: Relatedness and self-definition in personality development, psychopathology, and the therapeutic process. American Psychological Association.
Bowlby, J. (2012). A secure base. Routledge.
Bylsma, L. M., Taylor-Clift, A., & Rottenberg, J. (2011). Emotional reactivity to daily events in major and minor depression. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 120(1), 155–167. 
Cavalcanti, L. G., Steindl, S. R., Matos, M., & Boschen, M. J. (2021). Fears of compassion magnify the effects of rumination and worry on the relationship between self-criticism and depression. Current Psychology, 42(2), 1-15.
Clark, L. A., & Watson, D. (1991). Tripartite model of anxiety and depression: Psychometric evidence and taxonomic implications. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 100(3), 316–336. 
Collins, N. L., & Feeney, B. C. (2000). A safe haven: an attachment theory perspective on support seeking and caregiving in intimate relationships. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78(6), 1053.
Cook, W. L., Dezangré, M., & De Mol, J. (2018). Sources of perceived responsiveness in family relationships. Journal of Family Psychology32(6), 743.
Dagnino, P., Pérez, C., Gómez, A., Gloger, S., & Krause, M. (2017). Depression and attachment: how do personality styles and social support influence this relation? Research in Psychotherapy: Psychopathology, Process and Outcome, 20(1), 53-62.
Feeney, B. C., & Collins, N. L. (2015). A new look at social support: A theoretical perspective on thriving through relationships. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 19(2), 113-147.
Gable, S. L., Gosnell, C. L., Maisel, N. C., & Strachman, A. (2012). Safely testing the alarm: Close others’ responses to personal positive events. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 103, 963–981.
Gadassi, R., Bar-Nahum, L. E., Newhouse, S., Anderson, R., Heiman, J. R., Rafaeli, E., & Janssen, E. (2016). Perceived partner responsiveness mediates the association between sexual and marital satisfaction: A daily diary study in newlywed couples. Archives of sexual behavior45, 109-120.
Gilbert, P., McEwan, K., Matos, M., & Rivis, A. (2011). Fears of compassion: Development of three self‐report measures. psychology and psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 84(3), 239-255.
Gütges, I. D. (2020). Loneliness in the daily lives of university students: an experience sampling study exploring the role of social context and trait measures of loneliness and self-compassion. Master's thesis, University of Twente.
Jansen, P. (2021). Self-compassion and repetitive thinking in relation to depressive mood and fear of the future: An investigation during the 2020 coronavirus pandemic in semiprofessional football players. German Journal of Exercise and Sport Research51(2), 232-236.
Joeng, J. R., & Turner, S. L. (2015). Mediators between self-criticism and depression: Fear of compassion, self-compassion, and importance to others. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 62(3), 453.
Kırımer-Aydınlı, F., & Sümer, N. (2020). Perceived Partner Responsiveness in Personal and Relational Contexts: A Review Study. Turk Psikoloji Yazilari, 23(46), 101-103.
Krause, M. &. (2021). Depression and personality dysfunction: towards the understanding of complex depression. In Depression and Personality dysfunction (pp. pp. 1-13). Cham: Springer.
Kuczynski, A. M., Halvorson, M. A., Slater, L. R., & Kanter, J. W. (2022). The effect of social interaction quantity and quality on depressed mood and loneliness: A daily diary study. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships39(3), 734-756.
Maisel, N. C., & Gable, S. L. (2009). The paradox of received social support: the importance of responsiveness. Journal of Psychological Science, 20(8), 928-932.
Matos, M., Duarte, J., & Pinto-Gouveia, J. (2017). Being afraid of compassion: Fears of compassion as mediators between early emotional memories and psychopathological symptoms in adulthood. European Psychiatry41, 101.
Merritt, O. A., & Purdon, C. L. (2020). Scared of compassion: Fear of compassion in anxiety, mood, and non‐clinical groups. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 59(3), 354-368.
Pauley, G., & McPherson, S. (2010). Experience and meaning of this compassion and self-compassion for individuals with depression and anxiety. Psychology and Psychotherapy, 83, 129–143.
Reid, H. M., & Collins, R. L. (1991). "Monaural and binaural audiogenic seizures in mice": Erratum. Behavioral & Neural Biology, 56(1), 118. 
Reis, H. T. (2013). Responsiveness. In J. A. Campbell (Ed.), The Oxford Handbook of Close Relationships (pp. 400-423). New York: Oxford University.
Reis, H. T., Crasta, D., Rogge, R. D., Maniaci, M. R., & Carmichael, C. L. (2017). Perceived Partner Responsiveness Scale (PPRS) (Reis & Carmichael, 2006). The sourcebook of listening research: Methodology and measures, 516-521.
Ruan, Y., Reis, H. T., Clark, M. S., Hirsch, J. L., & Bink, B. D. (2020). Can I tell you how I feel? Perceived partner responsiveness encourages emotional expression. Emotion, 20(3), 329–342.
Sadeghzadeh, M., & Shameli, L. (2021). Compassion Scale (FCS). Pajooheshha Novin, 16(61), 127-142.
Stanton, S. C., Selcuk, E., Farrell, A. K., Slatcher, R. B., & Ong, A. D. (2019). Perceived partner responsiveness, daily negative affect reactivity, and all-cause mortality: A 20-year longitudinal study. Psychosomatic Medicine, 81(1), 7.
Urganci, B. (2021). Perceived Partner Responsiveness and Depression: The Moderating Role of Age and Gender. Innovation in Aging5(1), 985.
Whisman, M. A., & Schonbrun, Y. C. (2010). Marital distress and relapse prevention for depression. In C. S. Richards & M. G. Perri (Eds.), Relapse prevention for depression (pp. 251–269). American Psychological Association.