Childhood is one of the most important stages of life in which is established person's personality. Often incompatibility and psychiatric disorders in adolescence and adulthood, It is caused by neglecting the emotional issues and problems of childhood behavior and lack of proper guidance in the process of growth and development. The present study predicted social phobia of preschool children based on mothers' cognitive emotion regulation strategies. This study is a descriptive correlational study. The population of this study consisted of all mothers of preschool children in Amol public schools. The 180 mothers who were qualified for the study were selected and responded to the Preschool Anxiety Scale and the Emotional Cognitive Regulation Questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 20 and Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression statiscal methods. The results showed that there are a significant negative relationship between social phobia and adaptive strategies of cognitive emotion regulation and a significant positive relationship between social phobia and non- adaptive strategies of cognitive emotion regulation, the another finding showed that the variables of adaptive and non-adaptive strategies of cognitive emotion regulation are predictors of social phobia. It must be said that cognitive emotion regulation strategies have a significant effect on the social phobia of preschool children; therefore, it is necessary to pay special attention to the characteristics of parents in the process of education and mental health of children.