نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
کارشناس ارشد روانشناسی، واحد زرند، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، زرند، ایران
چکیده
یکی از درمان‌های موج سوم روان درمانی در رابطه با اختلالات اضطرابی، درمان مبتنی بر پذیرش و تعهد است. هدف پژوهش حاضر بررسی اثربخشی درمان مبتنی بر پذیرش و تعهد در کاهش علایم اختلال اضطراب جدایی کودکان بود که به روش نیمه‌آزمایشی از نوع پیش‌آزمون و‌پس‌آزمون با گروه کنترل انجام شد. 28 کودک هفت و هشت ساله با تشخیص اختلال اضطراب جدایی مراجعه‌کننده به کلینیک‌های روانشناسی شهر رشت به روش تصادفی در دو گروه آزمایش و کنترل قرار گرفتند. والدین کودکان مقیاس سنجش اضطراب جدایی- فرم والد هان و همکاران تکمیل نمودند. درمان مبتنی بر پذیرش و تعهد روی گروه آزمایش در هشت جلسه اجرا شد و داده‌ها با استفاده از روش آماری تحلیل کوواریانس تحلیل شدند. نتایج نشان داد درمان مبتنی بر پذیرش و تعهد در کاهش علایم اضطراب جدایی کودکان مؤثر است. بنابراین، این درمان می‌تواند به‌عنوان یک روش درمانی مؤثر در کاهش اضطراب جدایی کودکان به کار برده شود.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
The study of effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on reduction separation anxiety disorder symptoms in children
نویسندگان [English]
- Shahin Ahmadvand
- Hamideh Ahmadi Kohanali
M.A. in Psychology, Branch Zarand, Islamic Azad University, Zarand, Iran
چکیده [English]
One of the treatments in third wave of psychotherapy in relation to anxiety disorders is acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT). The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of ACT on reduction of symptoms in separation anxiety disorder in children. The method of this study was semi-experimental with pretest, post-test and control group. 28 children (7 and 8 years old) with anxiety disorder referring to Rasht city counseling clinics were selected using voluntary sampling method and randomly were assigned to experiment and control groups. The parent completed Separation Anxiety Assessment Scale-parent form. Acceptance and commitment therapy was performed on the experimental group in 8 session and the data were analyzed using covariance analysis statistical method. The results showed that acceptance and commitment therapy is effective on reduction of symptoms separation anxiety disorder in children and can be used as a therapeutic approach.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Acceptance and commitment therapy
- separation anxiety
- child
منابع
فارسی
ﻃﻼﻳﻲﻧﮋاد، نعیمه؛ ﻣﻈﺎﻫﺮی، محمدعلی؛ ﻗﻨﺒﺮی، سعید و ﻋﺴﮕﺮی، علی. (1395). ویژگیﻫﺎی ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺎﺗﻲ ﻣﻘﻴﺎس ﺳﻨﺠﺶ اﺿﻄﺮاب ﺟﺪاﻳﻲ (ﻓﺮم واﻟﺪﻳﻦ). ﻓﺼﻠﻨﺎﻣﻪ روانﺷﻨﺎﺳﻲ ﺗﺤﻮﻟﻲ: روان‌شناسان اﻳﺮاﻧﻲ، 12(47)، 235-225.
مالمیر، طیبه؛ ابراهیمی مقدم، حسین؛ رحمانی، فریبا و رمضانعلی، زهرا. (1396). تأثیر آموزش درمان مبتنی بر پذیرش و تعهد بر میزان اضطراب و پرخاشگری افراد مبتلا به اختلال حمله هراس. مجله مطالعات روا‌نشناختی دانشکده علوم تربیتی و روانشناسی دانشگاه الزهرا، 4(13)، 156-141.
مولوی، پرویز؛ میکاییلی، نیلوفر؛ رحیمی، ندا و مهری، سعید. (1393). ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ درﻣﺎن ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ ﭘﺬﯾﺮش و ﺗﻌﻬﺪ ﺑﺮ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ اﺿﻄﺮاب و اﻓﺴﺮدﮔﯽ داﻧﺶآﻣﻮزان دارای ﺗﺮس اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﯽ. مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی اردبیل، 4(14)، 423-412.
هادیان، مریم. (1396). اثربخشی درمان پذیرش و تعهد (ACT) بر اختلال اضطراب جدایی کودکان مبتلا به دیابت نوع یک. مجله علوم پزشکی رازی، 164(24)، 34-21.
لاتین
Arch, J. J., Wolitzky-Taylor, K. B., Eifert, G. H., & Craske, M. G. (2012). Longitudinal treatment mediation of traditional cognitive behavioral therapy and acceptance and commitment therapy for anxiety disorders. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 50(7-8), 469-478.
Birrell, L., Newton, N. C., Teesson, M., Tonks, Z., & Slade, T. (2015). Anxiety disorders and first alcohol use in the general population. Findings from a nationally representative sample. Journal Anxiety Disorders, 31, 108-13.
Bittner, A., Egger, H. L., Erkanli, A., Costello, J. E., Foley, D. L., & Angold, A. (2007). What do childhood anxiety disorders predict?. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 48(12), 1174-83.
Block, J. A. (2002). Acceptance or change of private experiences: A comparative analysis in college students with public speaking anxiety. Ph.D. of Thesis, University at Albany, State University of New York, New York.
Boden, J. M., Fergusson, D. M., & Horwood, L. J. (2007). Anxiety disorders and suicidal behaviours in adolescence and young adulthood: Findings from a longitudinal study. Psychological Medicine, 37(3), 431-40.
Boelena, P., Reijntjesb, A., & Carletonc, N. (2014). Intolerance of uncertainty and adult separation anxiety. Cognitive Behavior Therapy, 43(2), 133-144.
Brinkborg, H., Michanek, J., Hesser, H., Berglund, G. (2011). Acceptance and commitment therapy for the treatment of stress among social workers: A randomized controlled trial. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 49(6-7), 389-98.
Bruckl, T. M., Wittchen, H. U., Hofler, M., & Schneider, S. (2007). Childhood separation anxiety and the risk of subsequent psychopathology: Results from a community study. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, 76(1), 47-56.
Carrascoso-Lopez, F. J. (2000). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) in panic disorder with agoraphobia: A case study. Psychology in Spain, 4, 120-128.
Costello, E. J., Egger, H. L., & Angold A. (2005). The developmental epidemiology of anxiety disorders: Phenomenology, prevalence, and comorbidity. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 14(4), 631-648.
Dalrymple, K. L., & Herbert, J. D. (2007). Acceptance and commitment therapy for generalized social anxiety disorder: A pilot study. Behavior Modification, 31(5), 543-568.
Doerfler, L. A., Toscano, P. F., & Connor, D. F. (2008). Separation anxiety and panic disorder in clinically referred youth. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 22(4), 602-611.
Ehrenreich, J. T., Santucci, L. C., & Weiner, C. L. (2008). Separation anxiety disorder in youth: Phenomenology, assessment, and treatment. Psicologia Conductual, 16(3), 389-410.
Eifert H. G., & Heffner, M. (2003). The effects of acceptance versus control contexts on avoidance of panic-related symptoms. Journal of Behavior Therapy, 34(3-4), 293-312.
Erermis, S. (2009). Temperamental characteristics of mothers of preschool children with separation anxiety disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 20(1), 14-21.
Forman, E. M., Herbert, J. D., Moitra, E., Yeomans, P. D., & Geller, P. A. (2007). A randomized controlled effectiveness trial of acceptance and commitment therapy for anxiety and depression. Behavior Modification, 31(6), 1-28.
Gaudiano, B. A. (2011). A review of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) and recommendations for continued scientific advancement. The Scientific Review of Mental Health Practice, 8(2), 5-22.
Hahn, L. G. (2006). An evaluation of the psychometric properties of the Separation Anxiety Assessment Scales. Ph.D. of Thesis, Fairleigh Dickinson University, New Jersey, United States
Hahn, L., Hajinlian, J., Eisen, A. R., Winder, B., & Pincus, D. B. (2003). Measuring the dimentions of separation anxiety and early panic in children and adolescents: The Separation Anxiety Assessment Scale. Paper presented at the 37th annual convention of the Association for Advancement of Behavior Therapy, Boston.
Hajinlian, J., Mesnick, J., & Eisen, A. R. (2005). Separation anxiety symptom dimensions and DSM-IV anxiety disorders: Correlates, comorbidity, and clinical utility. Poster Presented at the 39th Annual Convention of the Association for Behavioral and Cognitive Therapies, Washington, DC.
Hammerness, P., Harpold, T., Petty, C., Menard, C., Zar-Kessler, C., & Biederman, J. (2008). Characterizing non-OCD anxiety disorders in psychiatrically referred children and adolescents. Journal of Affective Disorders, 105(1-3), 213-219.
Harris, R. (2006). Embracing your demons: An overview of acceptance and commitment therapy. Psychotherapy in Australia, 4, 70-76.
Hatton, C., McNicol, S., & Doubleday, K. (2006). Anxiety in a neglected population: Prevalence of anxiety disorders in pre-adolescent children. Clinical Psychology Review, 26(7), 817-833.
Hayes, S. C., & Strosahl, K. D. (2010). A practical guide to acceptance and commitment therapy. New York: Springer Science and Business Media Inc.
Hayes, S. C. (2004). Acceptance and commitment therapy, relational frame theory, and the third wave of behavioral and cognitive therapies. Behavior Therapy, 35(4), 639-665.
Hayes, S. C. (2005). Stability and change in cognitive behavior therapy: Considering the implication of ACT and RFT. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy, 23(2), 131-51.
Hayes, S. C., Luoma, J. B., Bond, F. W., Masuda, A., & Lillis, J. (2006). Acceptance and commitment therapy: Model, processes and outcomes. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 44(1), 1-25.
Hudson, J. L., Dodd, H. F., & Bovopoulos, N. (2011). Temperament, family environment and anxiety in preschool children. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 39, 939-51.
Hulbert-Williams N. J., Storey, L., & Wilson, K. G. (2015). Psychological interventions for patients with cancer: Psychological flexibility and the potential utility of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy. European Journal of Cancer Care, 24(1), 15-27.
Keller, M. B., Lavori, P. W., Wunder, J., Beardslee, W. R., Schwartz, C. E., & Roth J. (1992). Chronic course of anxiety disorders in children and adolescents. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 31(4), 595-599.
Lewinsohn, P. M., Holm-Denoma, J. M., Small, J. W., Seeley, J. R., & Joiner, T. E,. (2008). Separation anxiety disorder in childhood as a risk factor for future mental illness. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 47, 549-556.
Longmore, R. J., & Worrell, M. (2007). Do we need to challenge thoughts in cognitive behavior therapy?. Clinical Psychology Review, 27(2), 173-87.
McCracken, L. M., Carson, J. W., Eccleston, C., & Keefe, F. J. (2004). Acceptance and change in the context of chronic pain. Pain, 109(1-2), 4-7.
Mofrad, S., Abdullah, R., & AbuSamah, B. A. (2009). Perceived parental overprotection and separation anxiety: Does specific parental rearing serve as specific risk factor. Asian Social Science, 5(11), 109-116.
Mofrad, S., Abdullah, R., AbuSamah, B. A., Mansor, M. B., & Baba, M. B. (2009). Maternal psychological distress and separation anxiety disorder in children. European Journal of Social Sciences, 8, 386-394.
Morris, T. L., & March, J. S. (2004). Anxiety disorders in children and adolescents (2nd ed). New York, NY, US: The Guilford Press.
Orsillo, S. M., & Batten, S. V. (2005). Acceptance and commitment therapy in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder. Behavioral Modification, 29(1), 95-129.
Pincus, D. B., Eyberg, S. M., & Choate, M. L. (2005). Adapting parent-child interaction therapy for young children with separation anxiety disorder. Education & Treatment Children, 28(2), 163-81.
Pincus, D. B., Santucci, L. C., Ehrenreich, J. T., & Eyberg, S. M. (2008). The implementation of modified parent-child interaction therapy for youth with separation anxiety disorder. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 15, 118-25.
Roemer, L., & Orsillo, S. M. (2007). An open trial of an acceptance based behavior therapy for generalized anxiety disorder. Behavior Therapy, 38, 72-85.
Roemer, L., Orsillo, S. M., & Salters-Pedneault, K. (2008). Efficacy of an acceptance-based behavior therapy for generalized anxiety disorder: Evaluation in a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 76(6), 1083-89.
Shannon, J. (2012). The Shyness and Social Anxiety Workbook for Teens: CBT and ACT skills to help you build social confidence. Oakland: Instant HelP.
Sharp, K. (2012). A Review of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy with Anxiety Disorders. International Journal of Psychology & Psychological Therapy, 12(3), 359-372.
Teesson, M., Hall, W., Slade, T., Mills, K., Grove, R., Mewton, L., Baillie, A., & Haber, P. (2010). Prevalence and correlates of DSM-IV alcohol abuse and dependence in Australia: Findings of the 2007 national survey of mental health and wellbeing. Addiction, 105(12), 2085-94.
Twohing, M. P. (2012). Acceptance and commitment therapy: Instruction. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 19(4), 499-507.
Walsh, M. E., Barrett, J. G., & DePaul, J. (2007). Dayto-day activities of school counselors: Align-ment with new directions in the field and the ASCA national model. Professional School Counseling, 10(4), 370-378.
Waters, A. M., Neumann, D. L., Henry, J., Craske, M. G., & Ornitz, E. M. (2008). Baseline and affective startle modulation by angry and neutral faces in 4-8-year-old anxious and non-anxious children. Biological Psychology, 78(1), 10-19.
)